Adolescent Relationships with Parents and Peers Essay...

Kerr’s article notes that a sense of security with an attachment figure seems to instill the positive self-image in which a person feels good about him or herself in a variety of areas that either promote or discourage positive relationship between adolescents and their respective parents. The evidence of the changes in peer and parent-child relationships during early adolescence suggests that early adolescence is a critical period of transformation in childrens relationships. Early adolescents may orient toward peers while distancing themselves from their parents because their peer relationships fit some of their developmental needs better than their relationships with their parents. The waxing of peer orientation and the waning of†¦show more content†¦The associations between the developing individual and his or her complex and changing ecology, socially and physically explains the changing dynamics of the person and his or her context that may foster continuity or discontinuity in the individual’s overall development. Larson’s article describes new relationships that develop because adolescents have greater opportunities for independence from parents and are more able to see themselves as part of a larger community of people. Some of these people, particularly peers, involved in the new relationships may become new sources of trust. Adolescents need these new support relationships since information or support from a parent may no longer be as relevant. They also need these relationships to help establish their identity; by comparing opinions and values with others, teenagers can learn what makes them unique Adolescents spend increasing time in activities with peers without the supervision of adults such as parents and teachers. It is important for them to come in contact with new friends or to strengthen existing bonds. In this way, they get reflections on their own opinions, ideas and emotions. Despite the increasing relevance of peer relationships, parents do not per se become less relevant in shaping adolescents cognitions and behaviors. In contrast, recentShow MoreRelatedThe Association Of Parent Adolescent Relationships And Adolescent Relationship With Their Peers Essay1490 Words   |  6 Pagesto examine the association of parent-adolescent relationships and the adolescent’s relationship with their peers. Previous research has found that parents do play a crucial role in shaping a child’s social skills and in their relationships with peers but this is prior to adolescence. The literature review had found that studies on parental influences through adolescence are no t as common and the ones that were available typically only focused on how parents and peers influence social development inRead MoreAccording To The Data From A Statistic Done By The Canadian1249 Words   |  5 Pagesyears old to 16.2 years old. The thought alone of thinking that a 15-year-old child might be consuming drugs and drinking alcohol would sound terrifying and concerning to most parents. Though the improvement of 0.6 years is admirable, it does not change the fact that the legal age is still far from the age most adolescents begin to consume alcohol. The causes for substance use are everywhere. Some might say way to use drugs and alcohol to hide their emotions or it could be a form of socializationRead MorePeer Attachment And Self Esteem1568 Words   |  7 PagesABSTRACT Peer attachments play a very important role in determining high self-esteem of students. Self-esteem can be defined as an individual’s attitude about him or herself, involving self-evaluation along a positive- negative dimension. Most generally self-esteem refers to an individual’s over all positive evaluation to the self. The study was conducted in Hisar District of Haryana state. All the adolescents studying in 9th and 10th standard falling in the age group 15 – 16 years were includedRead MoreAdolescence And Young Adulthood : Young Relationships And Delinquency1436 Words   |  6 PagesWithin current culture, it is easy to assume that young relationships are innocent and do not enable any issues in the adolescents cognitive or physical development. The main concern of Ming Cui et al. is that dating in early adolescence can impede developmental adjustment (Serafini Rye Drysdale, 2013, pg. 253). The reason for this concern is that there is more research showin g that there is an association between romantic relationships and delinquency in adolescence and young adulthood (SerafiniRead MoreSports As A Tool For Development Of Social Character Development1309 Words   |  6 PagesOver seventy percent of adolescents play sports (Uzoma, 2015). Athletics can be used for the development of social character, values of teamwork, sacrifice, and obedience (Rudd Stoll, 2004). The sports world offers social opportunities for adolescents (Rutten, Schuengel, Dirks, Stams, Biesta, Hoeksma, 2011). Participating in sports as adolescents may help with learning how to respect the community, peers, family, and themselves (Berlin, Dworkin, Eames, Menconi, Perkins, 2007). Sports may affectRead MoreThe Social Development Of Children And Adolescents1276 Words   |  6 PagesThe social relationships of children and adolescents are really important, especially with their family, siblings and peers at school. At different ages, the ways we socialize with differ ent people various in different situations base on the social experiences that we have gained in the past. The word â€Å"friends† refers to people who have a mutual and close relationship with each others, the definition of â€Å"peer group† is an individual’s small relative group that consists of individuals who share theRead MorePsychosocial Factors That Affect Adolescent s Behavior876 Words   |  4 Pages Psychosocial Crisis in Adolescents Adolescence is an interesting stage of development and is the fifth stage of Erikson stages of development .According to Erikson adolescence is a time of searching for one’s own identity and developing a sense of autonomy. Trying on different â€Å"selves† is a common mental and behavioral activity of adolescents who are in the process of developing an internally anchored sense of who they are, rather than defining themselves by what others think or expect of themRead MoreParental And Peer Influences On The Onset Of Heavier Drinking Among Adolescents1378 Words   |  6 Pagesâ€Å"Parental and Peer Influences on the Onset of Heavier Drinking among Adolescents.† The major research question suggested by the researcher was whether or not there is a relationship between parental and peer influences and the onset of heavier drinking tendencies or regular drinking tendencies among adolescents? The authors of the article realized there is a problem with adolescents participating in heavy drinking acts prior to the onset of college. It is believed that when an adolescent reaches theRead MoreEssay on Adolescent Violence1591 Words   |  7 Pageswhat are assets that may help prevent such violence come into mind. The article, Adolescent Violence: The Protective Effects of Youth Assets, shows a study that examined the relationships between nine youth assets and six demographic factors that may be linked to adolescent physical fighting and weapon carrying. The population consisted of one thousand ninety-eight middle and high school students and their parents from inner-city areas of two mid-sized Midwestern cities who completed in-home interviewsRead MoreCharacteristics And Characteristics Of Adolescence875 Words   |  4 Pagesstronger peer relationships. The first characteristic of adolescence is rapid biological growth. I believe this is the most important characteristic. Secondary sex characteristics began to develop during adolescence. In a matter a few years an adolescence body will rapidly change into a more mature body. This can be a hard time for adolescents because often they don’t fully understand the changes their bodies are making. The second characteristic is search for self. Adolescents brains are

Policy Paper Gmos Are The Problem ! - 1493 Words

Policy Paper: GMOs are the Problem! When grocery shopping, we are faced with the question, â€Å" Do we choose organic or the conventional products?† For some people, this may be an easy question depending on how much you want to spend, or if you choose organic products regardless of the price. However, no matter what an individual chooses, we will always be skeptical of the quality difference in grocery produce. Is organic milk that much different? Is it healthier than the conventional milk in the isle? Will it protect you from pathogens? These questions are foreign to the grab and go set of individuals, however King Corn, a documentary based on the overproduction of corn, gives readers an insight on how chemicals and GMOs in our food supply are affecting people all over the country. While there are positive aspects of producing and consuming conventional food, we should carefully investigate what is in our food system and how we can identify the differences between certified organic and conventional. When purchasing organic produce, one might notice that there are noticeable physical differences between organic and non-organic produce. For example, when looking to purchase a banana, most of the organic ones come in various shapes and sizes whereas the non-organic ones look relatively the same. The explanation for the variety of shapes and sizes is unprocessed produce that is treated with growth enhancing substances. While the U.S Department of Agriculture overlooks theShow MoreRelatedShould We Stop The Use Of Gmos?1403 Words   |  6 Pagesbe done. Just banning the use of GMOs though, is probably not the best option and may cause many farmers to retaliate. These superweeds most likely will not stop the use of GMOs and will further the distance between people for and against these modified crops. The overuse of herbicide can be a problem. So can having one and only one plant distributed around the world as well as having large corporations having a patent on these plants. All these are true problems that need to be addressed. HavingRead MoreAn Unbiased Report On The Regulating Of Food1125 Words   |  5 Pagesin the last century going from small-scale farms with a variety of crops to â€Å"megafarms† with just one crop. He touched on the GMO foods and the lack of labeling. He also tapped into the history of organic farming that had its origins in the 1970’s, but did not get regulated until the 1990’s and had a strong following because of GMO foods. He brought out that the policies of the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) are very lax and their strong opposer the Center of Food and Safety (CSF), continuallyRead MoreEssay921 Words   |  4 PagesIn Daniel W. Drezner’s journal article, he discusses about regulatory issue that generates high adj ustment costs, which are treatments for GMOs. The author argues that despite globalization, the power of national governments regulates their own economies, and continue to dominate international regulatory regimes. These regulatory goals are driven by their own domestic interest. In the case of genetically modified organisms, they raise regulatory concerns in regard to consumer health and safety, andRead MoreIt Was Only The Beginning Of The Late 20Th Century, When1269 Words   |  6 Pagescorrectly, could help shape the world into a different place. However, even at this moment, people still question its integrity and proper use. Along with genetic engineering, the choice to regulate mandatory laws for genetically modified organisms (GMOs) is disputed. The question concerns whether the government should require labels on all genetically modified foods or let the food companies decide. Our choices on the matter could shape consumer knowledge and the schema of the market. GeneticallyRead MoreGenetically Modified Organisms And Its Effect On The Consumer1284 Words   |  6 Pagesor commonly abbreviated GMOs, are plants that have had their DNA genetically altered to create amicable, or abolish undesirable traits. As previously said in the statistic sourced from gmo-compass.org, GMOs are dominant to their counter-product, organic foods. On the topic, many effects are produced from GMOs, not only health effects upon the consumer, but economic effects, and inflated population rates. Elaborating upon the the economic, as well as population effect, GMOs are modified to have a higherRead MoreA Mass Scale Biotech Agricultural Experiment1682 Words   |  7 PagesResearch paper Did you know you are participating in a mass scale biotech agricultural experiment? That s right! Since the mid 1990 we have been consuming Genetically Engineered (GE) foods or foods that contain Genetically Modified Organisms (GMOs) without enough research that proves its long time effects on humans. According to the U.S Food and Drug Administration (FDA), agency responsible for protecting the public’s health and safety, â€Å"genetic engineering is the name given for certain methodsRead MoreGenetically Modified Organisms And The Food System1684 Words   |  7 Pages GMOs GMOs, or â€Å"genetically modified organisms,† are plants or animals that have been genetically engineered with DNA from bacteria, viruses or other plants and animals. These experimental combinations of genes from different species cannot occur in nature or in traditional crossbreeding. There are currently eight Genetically modified organisms available in grocery stores across America, they are cotton, alfalfa, papaya, squash, soybeans, canola, corn and sugar beets. Many believe puttingRead MoreMarketing Schemes Of Monsanto, Major U.s. Pharmaceutical Corporations And Food Manufacturing Companies1572 Words   |  7 Pagesof the American people want to know if they are consuming food or using products containing Genetically Modified Organisms, GMO, according to the consumer reports organization. GMOs are organisms whose genetic material has been artificially manipulated in a laboratory through genetic engineering, or GE, according to the non-GMO project website. (nongmo pro ject, what is a gmo) Scientist insert, delete, or switch the DNA in certain organisms. Those organisms may be able to live longer, speed up theRead MoreGenetically And Genetically Modified Organisms1188 Words   |  5 Pages Genetically engineered crops or genetically modified organisms (GMOs) are plants in agriculture and the DNA that has been modified using genetic engineering techniques. The goal of this type of bioengineering is to add new traits to a plant which doesn’t occur naturally in the species. Farmers have adopted the technology. The first genetically made crop was manufactured in 1982 which was an antibiotic-resistant tobacco plant. In 1986, the first free trials were in Europe and the USA and were madeRead MoreThe Issue Of Genetically Modified Organisms1752 Words   |  8 Pagesâ€Å"Genetically modified organisms†, or more commonly known as GMOs, are â€Å"organisms that have been created through application of transgenic, gene-splicing techniques that are part of biotechnology.† (www.justlabelit.org/). GMOs entered the market about twenty years ago, and people are still in the dark about if the food we feed our families contain GMOs. â€Å"In 1992 the FDA’s policy statement defined â€Å"material† as the ability to be sensed by taste, smell, or other senses.† (www.justlabelit.org/) According

Marketing in hospitality management free essay sample

Higher National Diploma in HOSPITALITY MANAGEMENT Unit Title: Marketing in Hospitality Assignment Title: Assignment 1 Student Name Number Unit Lecturer: Group: Issue Date: Draft Submission: Final Submission: Executive summary: The UK hospitality industry is highly competitive where consumers have the opportunity to from a range of outlets during buying process. The UK hospitality is consistently expanding to attract new and retain customers. It is very important for any hospitality organization to communicate to its current and existing potential customers let them know about the organization’s new promotions and offers, consequently an organization should have an unique marketing strategy that could potentially set them apart from their competitors, which can be based on its pricing, products/ services or promotional activities. In this report it is intended to investigate the key component of marketing in UK hospitality industry. This report starts by defining the terms â€Å"Marketing† from different angles, it also discusses macro micro environmental influences in hospitality marketing, hospitality marketing mix, market segment etc. Further this report analyzes the marketing strategies followed by EAT. a leading sandwich shop in the UK. Key words: Need, want demand, product marketing vs services marketing, marketing mix, consumer purchasing behaviour. SOWT PESTLE analysis. Table of content: Table of Contents 1. 1 Introduction: Hospitality marketing is different than other types of industry as it deals with not only tangible products, a bed in a hotel or foods in the restaurant, but also deals with the intangible aspects of hospitality, like serving foods. The success of any hospitality organization mostly depends on the proper efforts on the marketing which promotes both products and services to fulfil the demands of the consumers at the same time. The integration of three main aspects of hospitality marketing can help an organization to be unique from their competitors are, Service Marketing, which includes, understanding the core concept of marketing and the difference between services and product marketing. Marketing Plan, which includes Macro and Micro environment of the hospitality marketing. Marketing mix Electronic Marketing, which include, marketing activities done by internet and database, Hoffman, K. Bateson, J. (1997) 1. 2 Marketing concept: Different philosophers defined marketing in different ways. Earlier Marketing used to be defined based on the mutual transaction, according to Kotler, (2010), â€Å"Marketing is the meeting people’s needs and wants through mutual exchange of products and services using monetary system†. Kotler originally suggested that this process of exchanges know as â€Å"transaction marketing†. Earlier definition of marketing had been criticized and evolved relationship marketing as transactional focus helps to generate sales only. Further, Chartered institute of marketing, 1976 and American institute of marketing association, 2007, proposed that â€Å"Marketing is a management process aimed at delivering customer satisfaction†. However, Pines Gilmore,(1999) claims that, â€Å" only satisfying customer is no longer enough in competitive business environment, companies compete by â€Å"creating memorable experience† to â€Å"wow† customers to generate positive words of mouth to build repeated and recommended business†. And memorable experience comes when every demands of customers becomes fulfilled, Bowie and Buttle, (2011). A memorable experience of a product or services of an organization comes from four levels i. e. basic, expected, desirable, to ultimately the unanticipated, Albrecht, (1992). See figure 1. 1 Figure 1. The hierarchy of customer value Analyzing above all the philosophies and definition of marketing it is worthy to say the management of demands of the market is the central purpose of promoting marketing theory and practice and this theory of marketing comes from Kotler(1999), where he stated that, â€Å" Marketing’s central purpose is demand management, and marketers need to manage the level, timing and the composition of demand†. This definition of marketing is more suitable compared to others because it explains what marketers do and when they do it in certain times, Bowie and Buttle, (2011). Another important point of marketing concept is good marketers focus on creating value to customers and satisfying their need better than their competitors instead of generating profit also the involvement of all employees from all levels of the organization need to be integrated to fulfil their customer’s interests. It is also important that inappropriate process of marketing will not bring anything good for the organization, Kotler, P. , Bowen, J. Makens, J. (2006). Figure 1. 2 summarizes this concept. Figure 1. 2 Marketing concept Integrated marketing Profitability customer’s needs wants Source: google image 1. 3 Needs, Wants and Demand: Needs, Wants and Demand are closely related to each others. According to Kotler, (2008), â€Å"Need is a state of deprivation of same basic things i. e. food, clothing and shelter. And Wants are specific satisfiers of needs. Human needs are infinite and Demands are wants for specific products that are backed by an ability and willingness to buy them†. For example, education is human needs but willing to study in Cambridge is want and when this want often are fulfilled than it becomes Demand. Product marketing vs service marketing: Marketing process is all about satisfying customer’s demands and these demands can be both product (objective, devices, or things) and/ or services (action, performances, or experiences). Earlier marketers used to focus on marketing physical products only but now because of high interest on services, selling service has been an potential marketing sector. For instance, in Australia, Norway, Canada, France, Japan and United Kingdom, 60% of total GDP comes from services sectors. And in Hong Kong it is around 85%, Hoffman, K.   Bateson, J. (1997). Most of the hospitality organization provides both services and products, for example food is tangible and dinning out for the customer is an experience/performance. To run an organization successfully it is very important to have different marketing approach to market a product or service as four unique characteristics of services keeps it apart from products. (see figure 1. 3). Table 1 explain s how service marketing are different from product marketing. Figure 1. 3 characteristic of service Source: Hoffman, K. Bateson, J. (1997). Table 1 characteristic of Hospitality Marketing Service characteristic Meaning Example Intangibility Not perceivable before purchase It is not possible for customer to judge their meals before they taste the food and experience the services. Inseparability Other customer may be part of the services. Other customers can be influenced by the presence of loud customers in a restaurant. Variability Quality of services of a same hospitality organization may vary for different time, location provider Quality of services provided by EAT. in Liverpole may vary from Oxford Perish ability Services are not long lasting or short lasting, it can not be stocked for future sells or uses Unsold room of a hotel can not be saved for tomorrow. 1. 5 Customer satisfaction and retention: Though the customer satisfaction and retention are very close to each other but still they are not interlinked. Customer satisfaction is the scale of how well an organization’s products or services, support and communication are able to meet the customer’s expectations, organization or on the other hand, customer retention is how well a customer stays with the organization or a specific product or services, Bowie Buttle, (2011). The state of retention comes from satisfied customers but in organization it is also found that a satisfied customer but not retained yet because that particular customer is looking for something new or better one in future though he/she is satisfied now, on the other hand a dissatisfied can be retained because of long term contract or the supply of goods or services are less than the demand in the market, Bowie Buttle, (2011). Analyzing the customer’s behavioural process it is seen that, it costs five times or more to attract a new customer than retaining existing customers, Bowie Buttle, (2011, p- 354) that is why marketers always struggle to retain customer than attracting new one. 2. 1 Environmental influences on the UK hospitality marketing: To understand the changes in the business environment, marketers need to focus on the internal and external factors that influence the business environment . in this report, EAT, a sandwich chain shop is taken to analyze these factors. Source: eat. co. uk Figure 1. 4 EAT Outlet Having a vision of number one sandwich chain in the UK EAT has developed their marketing strategies analyzing Macro Micro environment of the hospitality industry in the UK. According to Kotler, (1998), â€Å"PESTLE is useful strategic tool to understand market growth or decline, business position, potential and direction for operation†. See figure 1. 4 Figure 1. 5 PESTL Analysis Political/legal factors: Genetically Modified (GM) food has became an issue for the fast food industry in the UK since April 2004 as new rule came into enforce regarding GM levelling food. It is customer’s right to know if any ingredient is used which are genetically modified, (legislation. gov. uk). as people now -a-days more health conscious, scientist argument on it may have adverse affect on food industry in the UK. And EAT. is no exception. However, environmental secretary claims that the crops are safe to human body, Poulter,(2013). An increased regulation on fast food market already affected the market and may affect in the future as well. For instance, GST ( Goods Service Tax) which is responsible for the in the change of price of fast food products in recent years while other foods remained unchanged,(www. gov. uk) therefore, sandwich outlets like EAT emphasising on proving extraordinary service so that consumers feel a great difference eating between home and fast food shop. Economical factors: Purchasing power of people has a great impact on any kind of business specially in al hospitality industry because low earning people hardly go to fine dining rather they choose fast food or sandwich shop. EAT as a sandwich restaurant hardly face bad economical influence as the price of their product are in range of in compared to fine dining, other restaurant and other sandwich, fast food shop. The present economical condition of the UK is much more better than last couple of years. According to the national statistics, â€Å"number of unemployment dropped by 63,000 to 2. 33 million in the three months to junuary- a rate of 7. 2% while 1. 17 million people were signing on for jobseekers allowance last month, a fall of 34,000. In addition to this, the GDP growth increased by 2.