Adolescent Relationships with Parents and Peers Essay...

Kerr’s article notes that a sense of security with an attachment figure seems to instill the positive self-image in which a person feels good about him or herself in a variety of areas that either promote or discourage positive relationship between adolescents and their respective parents. The evidence of the changes in peer and parent-child relationships during early adolescence suggests that early adolescence is a critical period of transformation in childrens relationships. Early adolescents may orient toward peers while distancing themselves from their parents because their peer relationships fit some of their developmental needs better than their relationships with their parents. The waxing of peer orientation and the waning of†¦show more content†¦The associations between the developing individual and his or her complex and changing ecology, socially and physically explains the changing dynamics of the person and his or her context that may foster continuity or discontinuity in the individual’s overall development. Larson’s article describes new relationships that develop because adolescents have greater opportunities for independence from parents and are more able to see themselves as part of a larger community of people. Some of these people, particularly peers, involved in the new relationships may become new sources of trust. Adolescents need these new support relationships since information or support from a parent may no longer be as relevant. They also need these relationships to help establish their identity; by comparing opinions and values with others, teenagers can learn what makes them unique Adolescents spend increasing time in activities with peers without the supervision of adults such as parents and teachers. It is important for them to come in contact with new friends or to strengthen existing bonds. In this way, they get reflections on their own opinions, ideas and emotions. Despite the increasing relevance of peer relationships, parents do not per se become less relevant in shaping adolescents cognitions and behaviors. In contrast, recentShow MoreRelatedThe Association Of Parent Adolescent Relationships And Adolescent Relationship With Their Peers Essay1490 Words   |  6 Pagesto examine the association of parent-adolescent relationships and the adolescent’s relationship with their peers. Previous research has found that parents do play a crucial role in shaping a child’s social skills and in their relationships with peers but this is prior to adolescence. The literature review had found that studies on parental influences through adolescence are no t as common and the ones that were available typically only focused on how parents and peers influence social development inRead MoreAccording To The Data From A Statistic Done By The Canadian1249 Words   |  5 Pagesyears old to 16.2 years old. The thought alone of thinking that a 15-year-old child might be consuming drugs and drinking alcohol would sound terrifying and concerning to most parents. Though the improvement of 0.6 years is admirable, it does not change the fact that the legal age is still far from the age most adolescents begin to consume alcohol. The causes for substance use are everywhere. Some might say way to use drugs and alcohol to hide their emotions or it could be a form of socializationRead MorePeer Attachment And Self Esteem1568 Words   |  7 PagesABSTRACT Peer attachments play a very important role in determining high self-esteem of students. Self-esteem can be defined as an individual’s attitude about him or herself, involving self-evaluation along a positive- negative dimension. Most generally self-esteem refers to an individual’s over all positive evaluation to the self. The study was conducted in Hisar District of Haryana state. All the adolescents studying in 9th and 10th standard falling in the age group 15 – 16 years were includedRead MoreAdolescence And Young Adulthood : Young Relationships And Delinquency1436 Words   |  6 PagesWithin current culture, it is easy to assume that young relationships are innocent and do not enable any issues in the adolescents cognitive or physical development. The main concern of Ming Cui et al. is that dating in early adolescence can impede developmental adjustment (Serafini Rye Drysdale, 2013, pg. 253). The reason for this concern is that there is more research showin g that there is an association between romantic relationships and delinquency in adolescence and young adulthood (SerafiniRead MoreSports As A Tool For Development Of Social Character Development1309 Words   |  6 PagesOver seventy percent of adolescents play sports (Uzoma, 2015). Athletics can be used for the development of social character, values of teamwork, sacrifice, and obedience (Rudd Stoll, 2004). The sports world offers social opportunities for adolescents (Rutten, Schuengel, Dirks, Stams, Biesta, Hoeksma, 2011). Participating in sports as adolescents may help with learning how to respect the community, peers, family, and themselves (Berlin, Dworkin, Eames, Menconi, Perkins, 2007). Sports may affectRead MoreThe Social Development Of Children And Adolescents1276 Words   |  6 PagesThe social relationships of children and adolescents are really important, especially with their family, siblings and peers at school. At different ages, the ways we socialize with differ ent people various in different situations base on the social experiences that we have gained in the past. The word â€Å"friends† refers to people who have a mutual and close relationship with each others, the definition of â€Å"peer group† is an individual’s small relative group that consists of individuals who share theRead MorePsychosocial Factors That Affect Adolescent s Behavior876 Words   |  4 Pages Psychosocial Crisis in Adolescents Adolescence is an interesting stage of development and is the fifth stage of Erikson stages of development .According to Erikson adolescence is a time of searching for one’s own identity and developing a sense of autonomy. Trying on different â€Å"selves† is a common mental and behavioral activity of adolescents who are in the process of developing an internally anchored sense of who they are, rather than defining themselves by what others think or expect of themRead MoreParental And Peer Influences On The Onset Of Heavier Drinking Among Adolescents1378 Words   |  6 Pagesâ€Å"Parental and Peer Influences on the Onset of Heavier Drinking among Adolescents.† The major research question suggested by the researcher was whether or not there is a relationship between parental and peer influences and the onset of heavier drinking tendencies or regular drinking tendencies among adolescents? The authors of the article realized there is a problem with adolescents participating in heavy drinking acts prior to the onset of college. It is believed that when an adolescent reaches theRead MoreEssay on Adolescent Violence1591 Words   |  7 Pageswhat are assets that may help prevent such violence come into mind. The article, Adolescent Violence: The Protective Effects of Youth Assets, shows a study that examined the relationships between nine youth assets and six demographic factors that may be linked to adolescent physical fighting and weapon carrying. The population consisted of one thousand ninety-eight middle and high school students and their parents from inner-city areas of two mid-sized Midwestern cities who completed in-home interviewsRead MoreCharacteristics And Characteristics Of Adolescence875 Words   |  4 Pagesstronger peer relationships. The first characteristic of adolescence is rapid biological growth. I believe this is the most important characteristic. Secondary sex characteristics began to develop during adolescence. In a matter a few years an adolescence body will rapidly change into a more mature body. This can be a hard time for adolescents because often they don’t fully understand the changes their bodies are making. The second characteristic is search for self. Adolescents brains are

Policy Paper Gmos Are The Problem ! - 1493 Words

Policy Paper: GMOs are the Problem! When grocery shopping, we are faced with the question, â€Å" Do we choose organic or the conventional products?† For some people, this may be an easy question depending on how much you want to spend, or if you choose organic products regardless of the price. However, no matter what an individual chooses, we will always be skeptical of the quality difference in grocery produce. Is organic milk that much different? Is it healthier than the conventional milk in the isle? Will it protect you from pathogens? These questions are foreign to the grab and go set of individuals, however King Corn, a documentary based on the overproduction of corn, gives readers an insight on how chemicals and GMOs in our food supply are affecting people all over the country. While there are positive aspects of producing and consuming conventional food, we should carefully investigate what is in our food system and how we can identify the differences between certified organic and conventional. When purchasing organic produce, one might notice that there are noticeable physical differences between organic and non-organic produce. For example, when looking to purchase a banana, most of the organic ones come in various shapes and sizes whereas the non-organic ones look relatively the same. The explanation for the variety of shapes and sizes is unprocessed produce that is treated with growth enhancing substances. While the U.S Department of Agriculture overlooks theShow MoreRelatedShould We Stop The Use Of Gmos?1403 Words   |  6 Pagesbe done. Just banning the use of GMOs though, is probably not the best option and may cause many farmers to retaliate. These superweeds most likely will not stop the use of GMOs and will further the distance between people for and against these modified crops. The overuse of herbicide can be a problem. So can having one and only one plant distributed around the world as well as having large corporations having a patent on these plants. All these are true problems that need to be addressed. HavingRead MoreAn Unbiased Report On The Regulating Of Food1125 Words   |  5 Pagesin the last century going from small-scale farms with a variety of crops to â€Å"megafarms† with just one crop. He touched on the GMO foods and the lack of labeling. He also tapped into the history of organic farming that had its origins in the 1970’s, but did not get regulated until the 1990’s and had a strong following because of GMO foods. He brought out that the policies of the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) are very lax and their strong opposer the Center of Food and Safety (CSF), continuallyRead MoreEssay921 Words   |  4 PagesIn Daniel W. Drezner’s journal article, he discusses about regulatory issue that generates high adj ustment costs, which are treatments for GMOs. The author argues that despite globalization, the power of national governments regulates their own economies, and continue to dominate international regulatory regimes. These regulatory goals are driven by their own domestic interest. In the case of genetically modified organisms, they raise regulatory concerns in regard to consumer health and safety, andRead MoreIt Was Only The Beginning Of The Late 20Th Century, When1269 Words   |  6 Pagescorrectly, could help shape the world into a different place. However, even at this moment, people still question its integrity and proper use. Along with genetic engineering, the choice to regulate mandatory laws for genetically modified organisms (GMOs) is disputed. The question concerns whether the government should require labels on all genetically modified foods or let the food companies decide. Our choices on the matter could shape consumer knowledge and the schema of the market. GeneticallyRead MoreGenetically Modified Organisms And Its Effect On The Consumer1284 Words   |  6 Pagesor commonly abbreviated GMOs, are plants that have had their DNA genetically altered to create amicable, or abolish undesirable traits. As previously said in the statistic sourced from gmo-compass.org, GMOs are dominant to their counter-product, organic foods. On the topic, many effects are produced from GMOs, not only health effects upon the consumer, but economic effects, and inflated population rates. Elaborating upon the the economic, as well as population effect, GMOs are modified to have a higherRead MoreA Mass Scale Biotech Agricultural Experiment1682 Words   |  7 PagesResearch paper Did you know you are participating in a mass scale biotech agricultural experiment? That s right! Since the mid 1990 we have been consuming Genetically Engineered (GE) foods or foods that contain Genetically Modified Organisms (GMOs) without enough research that proves its long time effects on humans. According to the U.S Food and Drug Administration (FDA), agency responsible for protecting the public’s health and safety, â€Å"genetic engineering is the name given for certain methodsRead MoreGenetically Modified Organisms And The Food System1684 Words   |  7 Pages GMOs GMOs, or â€Å"genetically modified organisms,† are plants or animals that have been genetically engineered with DNA from bacteria, viruses or other plants and animals. These experimental combinations of genes from different species cannot occur in nature or in traditional crossbreeding. There are currently eight Genetically modified organisms available in grocery stores across America, they are cotton, alfalfa, papaya, squash, soybeans, canola, corn and sugar beets. Many believe puttingRead MoreMarketing Schemes Of Monsanto, Major U.s. Pharmaceutical Corporations And Food Manufacturing Companies1572 Words   |  7 Pagesof the American people want to know if they are consuming food or using products containing Genetically Modified Organisms, GMO, according to the consumer reports organization. GMOs are organisms whose genetic material has been artificially manipulated in a laboratory through genetic engineering, or GE, according to the non-GMO project website. (nongmo pro ject, what is a gmo) Scientist insert, delete, or switch the DNA in certain organisms. Those organisms may be able to live longer, speed up theRead MoreGenetically And Genetically Modified Organisms1188 Words   |  5 Pages Genetically engineered crops or genetically modified organisms (GMOs) are plants in agriculture and the DNA that has been modified using genetic engineering techniques. The goal of this type of bioengineering is to add new traits to a plant which doesn’t occur naturally in the species. Farmers have adopted the technology. The first genetically made crop was manufactured in 1982 which was an antibiotic-resistant tobacco plant. In 1986, the first free trials were in Europe and the USA and were madeRead MoreThe Issue Of Genetically Modified Organisms1752 Words   |  8 Pagesâ€Å"Genetically modified organisms†, or more commonly known as GMOs, are â€Å"organisms that have been created through application of transgenic, gene-splicing techniques that are part of biotechnology.† (www.justlabelit.org/). GMOs entered the market about twenty years ago, and people are still in the dark about if the food we feed our families contain GMOs. â€Å"In 1992 the FDA’s policy statement defined â€Å"material† as the ability to be sensed by taste, smell, or other senses.† (www.justlabelit.org/) According

Marketing in hospitality management free essay sample

Higher National Diploma in HOSPITALITY MANAGEMENT Unit Title: Marketing in Hospitality Assignment Title: Assignment 1 Student Name Number Unit Lecturer: Group: Issue Date: Draft Submission: Final Submission: Executive summary: The UK hospitality industry is highly competitive where consumers have the opportunity to from a range of outlets during buying process. The UK hospitality is consistently expanding to attract new and retain customers. It is very important for any hospitality organization to communicate to its current and existing potential customers let them know about the organization’s new promotions and offers, consequently an organization should have an unique marketing strategy that could potentially set them apart from their competitors, which can be based on its pricing, products/ services or promotional activities. In this report it is intended to investigate the key component of marketing in UK hospitality industry. This report starts by defining the terms â€Å"Marketing† from different angles, it also discusses macro micro environmental influences in hospitality marketing, hospitality marketing mix, market segment etc. Further this report analyzes the marketing strategies followed by EAT. a leading sandwich shop in the UK. Key words: Need, want demand, product marketing vs services marketing, marketing mix, consumer purchasing behaviour. SOWT PESTLE analysis. Table of content: Table of Contents 1. 1 Introduction: Hospitality marketing is different than other types of industry as it deals with not only tangible products, a bed in a hotel or foods in the restaurant, but also deals with the intangible aspects of hospitality, like serving foods. The success of any hospitality organization mostly depends on the proper efforts on the marketing which promotes both products and services to fulfil the demands of the consumers at the same time. The integration of three main aspects of hospitality marketing can help an organization to be unique from their competitors are, Service Marketing, which includes, understanding the core concept of marketing and the difference between services and product marketing. Marketing Plan, which includes Macro and Micro environment of the hospitality marketing. Marketing mix Electronic Marketing, which include, marketing activities done by internet and database, Hoffman, K. Bateson, J. (1997) 1. 2 Marketing concept: Different philosophers defined marketing in different ways. Earlier Marketing used to be defined based on the mutual transaction, according to Kotler, (2010), â€Å"Marketing is the meeting people’s needs and wants through mutual exchange of products and services using monetary system†. Kotler originally suggested that this process of exchanges know as â€Å"transaction marketing†. Earlier definition of marketing had been criticized and evolved relationship marketing as transactional focus helps to generate sales only. Further, Chartered institute of marketing, 1976 and American institute of marketing association, 2007, proposed that â€Å"Marketing is a management process aimed at delivering customer satisfaction†. However, Pines Gilmore,(1999) claims that, â€Å" only satisfying customer is no longer enough in competitive business environment, companies compete by â€Å"creating memorable experience† to â€Å"wow† customers to generate positive words of mouth to build repeated and recommended business†. And memorable experience comes when every demands of customers becomes fulfilled, Bowie and Buttle, (2011). A memorable experience of a product or services of an organization comes from four levels i. e. basic, expected, desirable, to ultimately the unanticipated, Albrecht, (1992). See figure 1. 1 Figure 1. The hierarchy of customer value Analyzing above all the philosophies and definition of marketing it is worthy to say the management of demands of the market is the central purpose of promoting marketing theory and practice and this theory of marketing comes from Kotler(1999), where he stated that, â€Å" Marketing’s central purpose is demand management, and marketers need to manage the level, timing and the composition of demand†. This definition of marketing is more suitable compared to others because it explains what marketers do and when they do it in certain times, Bowie and Buttle, (2011). Another important point of marketing concept is good marketers focus on creating value to customers and satisfying their need better than their competitors instead of generating profit also the involvement of all employees from all levels of the organization need to be integrated to fulfil their customer’s interests. It is also important that inappropriate process of marketing will not bring anything good for the organization, Kotler, P. , Bowen, J. Makens, J. (2006). Figure 1. 2 summarizes this concept. Figure 1. 2 Marketing concept Integrated marketing Profitability customer’s needs wants Source: google image 1. 3 Needs, Wants and Demand: Needs, Wants and Demand are closely related to each others. According to Kotler, (2008), â€Å"Need is a state of deprivation of same basic things i. e. food, clothing and shelter. And Wants are specific satisfiers of needs. Human needs are infinite and Demands are wants for specific products that are backed by an ability and willingness to buy them†. For example, education is human needs but willing to study in Cambridge is want and when this want often are fulfilled than it becomes Demand. Product marketing vs service marketing: Marketing process is all about satisfying customer’s demands and these demands can be both product (objective, devices, or things) and/ or services (action, performances, or experiences). Earlier marketers used to focus on marketing physical products only but now because of high interest on services, selling service has been an potential marketing sector. For instance, in Australia, Norway, Canada, France, Japan and United Kingdom, 60% of total GDP comes from services sectors. And in Hong Kong it is around 85%, Hoffman, K.   Bateson, J. (1997). Most of the hospitality organization provides both services and products, for example food is tangible and dinning out for the customer is an experience/performance. To run an organization successfully it is very important to have different marketing approach to market a product or service as four unique characteristics of services keeps it apart from products. (see figure 1. 3). Table 1 explain s how service marketing are different from product marketing. Figure 1. 3 characteristic of service Source: Hoffman, K. Bateson, J. (1997). Table 1 characteristic of Hospitality Marketing Service characteristic Meaning Example Intangibility Not perceivable before purchase It is not possible for customer to judge their meals before they taste the food and experience the services. Inseparability Other customer may be part of the services. Other customers can be influenced by the presence of loud customers in a restaurant. Variability Quality of services of a same hospitality organization may vary for different time, location provider Quality of services provided by EAT. in Liverpole may vary from Oxford Perish ability Services are not long lasting or short lasting, it can not be stocked for future sells or uses Unsold room of a hotel can not be saved for tomorrow. 1. 5 Customer satisfaction and retention: Though the customer satisfaction and retention are very close to each other but still they are not interlinked. Customer satisfaction is the scale of how well an organization’s products or services, support and communication are able to meet the customer’s expectations, organization or on the other hand, customer retention is how well a customer stays with the organization or a specific product or services, Bowie Buttle, (2011). The state of retention comes from satisfied customers but in organization it is also found that a satisfied customer but not retained yet because that particular customer is looking for something new or better one in future though he/she is satisfied now, on the other hand a dissatisfied can be retained because of long term contract or the supply of goods or services are less than the demand in the market, Bowie Buttle, (2011). Analyzing the customer’s behavioural process it is seen that, it costs five times or more to attract a new customer than retaining existing customers, Bowie Buttle, (2011, p- 354) that is why marketers always struggle to retain customer than attracting new one. 2. 1 Environmental influences on the UK hospitality marketing: To understand the changes in the business environment, marketers need to focus on the internal and external factors that influence the business environment . in this report, EAT, a sandwich chain shop is taken to analyze these factors. Source: eat. co. uk Figure 1. 4 EAT Outlet Having a vision of number one sandwich chain in the UK EAT has developed their marketing strategies analyzing Macro Micro environment of the hospitality industry in the UK. According to Kotler, (1998), â€Å"PESTLE is useful strategic tool to understand market growth or decline, business position, potential and direction for operation†. See figure 1. 4 Figure 1. 5 PESTL Analysis Political/legal factors: Genetically Modified (GM) food has became an issue for the fast food industry in the UK since April 2004 as new rule came into enforce regarding GM levelling food. It is customer’s right to know if any ingredient is used which are genetically modified, (legislation. gov. uk). as people now -a-days more health conscious, scientist argument on it may have adverse affect on food industry in the UK. And EAT. is no exception. However, environmental secretary claims that the crops are safe to human body, Poulter,(2013). An increased regulation on fast food market already affected the market and may affect in the future as well. For instance, GST ( Goods Service Tax) which is responsible for the in the change of price of fast food products in recent years while other foods remained unchanged,(www. gov. uk) therefore, sandwich outlets like EAT emphasising on proving extraordinary service so that consumers feel a great difference eating between home and fast food shop. Economical factors: Purchasing power of people has a great impact on any kind of business specially in al hospitality industry because low earning people hardly go to fine dining rather they choose fast food or sandwich shop. EAT as a sandwich restaurant hardly face bad economical influence as the price of their product are in range of in compared to fine dining, other restaurant and other sandwich, fast food shop. The present economical condition of the UK is much more better than last couple of years. According to the national statistics, â€Å"number of unemployment dropped by 63,000 to 2. 33 million in the three months to junuary- a rate of 7. 2% while 1. 17 million people were signing on for jobseekers allowance last month, a fall of 34,000. In addition to this, the GDP growth increased by 2.

The Spanish Civil War Essay Example For Students

The Spanish Civil War Essay With reference to any civil war in the 20th century examinethe social, economic and political background to the divisions inthe society involved. To what extent were the problems whichcaused the war resolved in the post-war period?The state of Spain during the early years of the 20th centurycan be said to have been a state of great â€Å"unease†. Spain was oneof the first powers to loose her imperial influence, the state waspolitically unstable, industrially weak and had suffered somehumiliating defeats. It can be said that these were the maincauses that lead to the great instability of Spain during the Civilwar and post civil war periods. We will write a custom essay on The Spanish Civil War specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Left-winged radicalism and nationalistic movements, such asthe Catalan movement frequently came into conflict with the centralgovernment, which lead the government to use corruption more andmore frequently as a form of control. The result was a militarycoup in 1923 lead by Miguel Primo de Rivera. Rivera preferred amore direct way of governing, with a strong Christian base and avery anti-communist attitude. He did not like party politics,preferring to govern pragmatically, at first with a militarycabinet, but later on (1926) he decided a systematic governmentwould be more efficient. So he introduced the `National Assembly’intended to represent different classes and groups, probably tosoften the opposition; as well as the Union Patriotica, created tomobilize popular support for his regime. Rivera also managed to strengthen the Spanish infra-structure,but the funding had to come from loans from other nations, becausethe upper classes would not accept a overhaul in the taxationsystem. He also managed to encourage industrial growth, which didwork to a certain extent because of many internal problems, and thebig depression. These financial and political, as well as social difficultiesled his regime to end in 1930 because it was unable to stop theattacks from the left, as well as attacks from the reluctantmilitary (who did not like his ideas of officer minimalisation). The next elections were won by the republicans, led by Azana,without too much difficulty. The Republic lasted 8 years beforeanother military coup, led by general Franco, took over thegovernment. The Republic tried to set out major reforms, intending torestructure the whole of Spain. The eight-hour working day was setup, as well as a reduction of officers in the armed forces (by theform of early retirement). Voting rights were given to people atthe age of 23, the nobility was abolished and, severe measures weretaken against the Church, especially religious education(considered, in a way, a form of propaganda). The region ofCatalonia was given some self-governing privileges, like thecontrol of it’s own police. The problem was that these reformsseemed to be too severe to the right-winged opposition and theprivileged classes. So in 1933, Azana’s government fell after being defeated bythe general elections. The new government was actually a series ofcoalitions which set out to undo all the reforms produced by theformer republican government. This lead to conflicts between whatnow could be called the two main â€Å"fronts†. These two camps werethe Popular Front (consisting of Communists, Socialist, Anarchists,etc.), and the National Front (consisting of right-winged partiesand other conservative institutions, such as the Church and theFalange). These parties fought for the next elections after theformer coalition government dissolved. The Popular Front won these elections, and so once again,Azana came into power. He tried, once again, to set out all hisprevious reforms. He also exiled Franco, who was considered thegreatest threat to the new government. The problem with the newgovernment though, was that it was (in the eyes of the opposition)drifting too far into communism. The National Front could notstand it any longer, so a military coup was hatched, lead by Francoto overthrough the government. This plan was set up so that twomain forces, one coming from the north, and the other from thesouth would eventually converge and snuff out the Republic. .u5816ad00eb61e7ac49a8747ba181d2c5 , .u5816ad00eb61e7ac49a8747ba181d2c5 .postImageUrl , .u5816ad00eb61e7ac49a8747ba181d2c5 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u5816ad00eb61e7ac49a8747ba181d2c5 , .u5816ad00eb61e7ac49a8747ba181d2c5:hover , .u5816ad00eb61e7ac49a8747ba181d2c5:visited , .u5816ad00eb61e7ac49a8747ba181d2c5:active { border:0!important; } .u5816ad00eb61e7ac49a8747ba181d2c5 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u5816ad00eb61e7ac49a8747ba181d2c5 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u5816ad00eb61e7ac49a8747ba181d2c5:active , .u5816ad00eb61e7ac49a8747ba181d2c5:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u5816ad00eb61e7ac49a8747ba181d2c5 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u5816ad00eb61e7ac49a8747ba181d2c5 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u5816ad00eb61e7ac49a8747ba181d2c5 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u5816ad00eb61e7ac49a8747ba181d2c5 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u5816ad00eb61e7ac49a8747ba181d2c5:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u5816ad00eb61e7ac49a8747ba181d2c5 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u5816ad00eb61e7ac49a8747ba181d2c5 .u5816ad00eb61e7ac49a8747ba181d2c5-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u5816ad00eb61e7ac49a8747ba181d2c5:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Racial Profiling EssayThe National Front eventually won the civil war, not onlybecause it had financial and military support from Nazi Germany andFascist Italy, but also because the Popular Front had it’s owninternal conflicts. Franco’s regime proved quite successful. He managed toovercome internal disputes and balance the different Nationalistgroups; he left the question of monarchy open to the carlists andalso favored and encouraged a more influential Church. Even thoughhis government had a tough time during the 1940’s with regards toit’s status (problems becoming a member of the united nations),other nations saw Spain become, in their eyes, a more â€Å"softernation†, this improved it’s foreign dealings, mainly because of thefact that the cold war had started. A great success was the 1953 Madrid Pact between Spain and theU.S.A, which provided Spain with quite a substantial amount ofmilitary and monetary aid in return for access to it’s militarybases. This pact, as well as the better relations between Spainand the other powers and the great stability brought about becauseof the enormous repression that came with his regime, led Spain tobooming years during the 1960’s. The Spanish people saw a better Spain, economically, but itwas still in a very primitive state politically and sociallycompared to other european nations, who were not under militaryrule (with a few exceptions, of course). The end of the Francoregime left many scars in the social and political side of Spain. People had been submitted to a suppressive state, where very littleregard for any basic human right was given.

Depreciation of Rupee Essay Example

Depreciation of Rupee Essay Example Depreciation of Rupee Essay Depreciation of Rupee Essay Kumar exhibited his profound creativity in designing a new symbol for an Indian Rupee but it failed to ignite any excitement, either in India or abroad for the simple reason that Indian Rupee is a beleaguered currency now, for it has lost its sheen over the years. A rich title for a poor currency! The value of Indian Rupee has devalued greatly since independence, notwithstanding some small measly upswings against dollar sometimes which is touted as a strengthening Rupee.The fact is that the real value of rupee has touched its nadir With every passing day Rupee is making new lows but for a common person it is not easy to understand the reason behind this steep fall and he keeps on asking himself a question Why is rupee depreciating? why indian currency is weak,  why indian currency is falling down, why indian currency is depreciating? , Dollar after being stable for a long time now is climbing back up against the rupee. What do you think? Is it the right time that politicians money from Swiss banks should be taken out or will it be really late for us?Or we start depending on our own oil resources and stop importing the yellow metal from outside? Recession is less in India, then why dollar is moving up when rupee must be strong. We all know about recession and it is worse in US and better in India, then how come dollar is appreciating with respect to Indian rupee? Dont you think that Indian rupee should go up and US dollar should move down? There are so many reasons of depreciating rupee Why dollar is moving up and rupee is going down?There has been a recent fall in rupee since some days ago and a dramatic increase in dollar. It was 49. 50, then 50. 12, 51. 10, 52. 60, 53. 54, 54. 40 and stable, and now What is the current rate of dollar? 1 US dollar = 61. 65 Indian rupees. The oil minister is going to raise petrol prices by the third quarter of this year as rupee is down again. RBI is always trying to protect rupee by selling off dollars but still has been una ble to hold rupee from falling at a rapid pace. Due to rise in dollar, gold prices have slashed down.The last resort of controlling rupee fall is issuing bonds by Reserve Bank of India. To prevent further downfall of Indian rupee, RBI is considering selling dollars directly to oil marketing firms. BODY causes Why is this happening? THE CHANGING FACE Money is not an organic creature but its value keeps changing with the society and its economic conditions. One rupee in 1947 is not the same as one rupee today, both in terms of appearance and purchasing power. The value of a countrys currency is linked with its economic conditions and policies. The value of a currency depends on factors that affect the economy such as imports and exports, inflation, employment, interest rates, growth rate, trade deficit, performance of equity markets, foreign exchange reserves, macroeconomic policies, foreign investment inflows, banking capital, commodity prices and geopolitical conditions, says Pramit Brahmbhatt, chief executive officer, Alpari Financial Services (India), a foreign exchange brokerage. Income levels influence currencies through consumer spending. When incomes increase, people spend more.Higher demand for imported goods increases demand for foreign currencies and, thus, weakens the local currency. First Reason Dollar is in Demand BRIC countries like India have emerging economy, so a huge percentage of investment in India is from outside the country, especially from US but due to recession in US, big institutions are collapsing and many of them are on the verge of breakdown. They are suffering huge losses in their country. They have to maintain their balance sheets and look strong on all statements, so to recover losses in their country, they are pulling out their investments from India.Due to this pulling out of investment by these big companies from India or in other terms disinvestment, demand of dollar is raising up and rupee is depreciating. . 2. Foreign Inve stors snatching their investment out of India Foreign investors play a important in providing liquidity to capital market and boosting the economy of any country, it is similar for India also as our economy depends largely on them but foreign investment in India has decreased steeply in last year due to which value of Rupee decreases. Second reason Collapse of International TradeIf you observe in terms of international trade, commodity prices are crashing at international level. Importers are trying to accumulate dollars, as they have to pay in terms of dollars and at the end demand is increasing against the rupee. This has not happened yet due to lack of confidence in all kind of markets. Exporters have a very few orders from outside countries, so there is no matter of converting dollar into rupee thereby decreasing demand for rupee. Fiscal Deficit – How would others feel of your financial position if you earn Rs. 100,000 a year, but end up spending Rs. 10,000 ? The excess of your expenditures over your total income is called Fiscal Deficit. In order to bridge a Fiscal Deficit, you may end up taking a loan of Rs. 10,000. The more loan you take, the more riskier you would become in the eyes of lenders. This is exactly the case in India. India is currently spending more than it earns via taxes resulting in a mounting fiscal deficit. The major brunt of this spending is going into subsidies. With mounting fiscal deficit, foreign investors start feeling uncomfortable and pull their money out of India resulting in rupee depreciation.Oil Prices – are another significant factor in putting pressure on the Rupee. Oil import contributes as the biggest percentage of India’s import. By quantity, the oil demand is increasing year on year. By prices, Oil is quoted in International Markets in US Dollars. Oil prices are current over $100 a barrel and have significantly jumped up from sub $40 levels in 2002. With the increasing price of Oil in internatio nal markets, India has to pay an increased amount of dollars to import the same quantity of oil.Further more, with an increase in the quantity of oil imported into India, a further pressure is imposed on the demand of dollars to pay to our suppliers from whom we import Oil. This increase in demand for dollars depreciates the Rupee further. 1. Difference in the demand and supply of Rupee in currency market Understanding currency market is not a rocket science, here only simple economic law works, more demand means more price for the product and less demand means less price. According to that law the demand of Rupee is decreasing hence the price of Rupee is also decreasing. Simple isnt. 2. It is a simple DEMAND-SUPPLY Phenomena.Today the demand for Dollar is higher than Indian Currency (INR). With Supply remaining the same, when demand rises, the Value also increases. Increase in Dollar value is attributed to the ongoing Crisis in US. Also USD being a prime currency for many trading commodities, the value of USD is rising. As far as decreasing value of Rupee is concerned, given the present state of Dollar Value Increase, every other currency looks weak against it, and INR is no exception. 3. Lots of scams which faded the image of India in the world    Country has seen lots of scams revealed in recent times which decreased the reputation  of the country in the world.Corruption in the country is increasing, huge negativity among the people for the Govt   has reduced the trust of Foreign Investors in India. All the bills are hanging in the Parliament. Govt is not stronge enough to take bold steps for the growth of the economy. 4. Decreasing GDP growth reduce the investment opportunities in India Before the Recession of 2008 India has maintained GDP growth rate of close to 9% for many years but things have changed now IIP numbers are lowering and even showing negative growth also the inflation numbers are scaring the growth but Govt is not able to bring any policies to restore the growth.Rising Fiscal deficit makes future more gloomy. Investors are not seeing their investment growing much here. 5. Economic problems in different countries make Dollar a better Investment Many countries are facing huge economic problems and facing financial crisis, countries like Greece, Spain are breaking. Investing in US is better option in compared to emerging markets like India where growth is slowed down which increases the demand for Dollars making then more pricey. Year| Exchange rate (rupees per US$)g| 1913| 0. 08692307692| 1925| 0. 10| 1947| 1| 1952| 5| 1966| 7. 55| 1975| 10. 409| 1980| 7. 887| 1985| 12. 69| 1990 1990-1995 This is the period when Indian economy was opened up but rupee still continued depreciating from 17 to 32. | 17. 504| 1995| 32. 427| 2000| 45. 000| 2006| 48. 336| 2007 (Oct)| 38. 48| 2008 (June)| 42. 51| 2008 (October)| 48. 88| 2009 (October)| 46. 37| 2010 (January 22)| 46. 21| 2011 (April)| 44. 17| 2011 (September 21)| 48. 24 | 2011 (November 17)| 55. 3950| 2012 (May 23)| 56. 25| 2012 (June 22)| 57. 15| 2013 (May 15)| 54. 73| 2013 (June 12)| 58. 500| 2013 (June 27)| 60. 73| 2013 (Jul 08)| 61. 21| 2013 (Aug 08)| 61. 80| Effects There was a huge interest rate differential between India and US.Now RBI is reducing all kind of rates to increase money supply in market, so deposit rates will also move downwards. It will reduce the rate differential between two countries and affect the fixed investment in India in a negative manner Current account deficit (CAD): CAD is the result of country’s higher imports than exports or where payment is higher than receipts. Gold and crude oil are the two major items In India’s import list. The more you spend on these two, the more we need to import these and more will be the demand of dollars and thus more depreciation in rupee. . Capital Account flows: Capital account flows comes in the shape of FIIs (foreign Institutional Investors) and FDI (Foreign direct In vestments). FIIs invest in Stock market or bonds and FDIs come in with Business opportunities. Looking at the country’s weak growth outlook, high inflation, high current account deficit etc. FIIs are taking their money back to their country where they are seeing more growth opportunities and also no currency risk. And FDIs are getting impacted by weak government policies, Red tapism and less parliamentary action.If both these investors come in India then demand for rupee will increase as they will bring in dollars to convert into rupees which provide stability to rupee. 3. Interest rate and inflation: High interest rates (as in India) attract foreign investors as they get less rate of interest in their own country , but high interest rates hit local industry and their cost of capital increases. High inflation and interest rates makes our export costlier and thus reducing the demand of our products outside which means less exports. This in turn increases the Current Account de ficit and thus rupee depreciation.The unstable currency movements make foreign investors wary of their decision and they prefer to move out of such country. GROCERY BILL High inflation has been pinching you for more than a year now. Now, the weakening rupee has made crude oil, fertilisers, medicines and iron ore, which India imports in large quantities, costlier. Though these items are not for your daily consumption, they impact your finances indirectly. For instance, since India depends on imports for a large part of crude oil it consumes, a weak rupee will influence petrol and diesel prices. Fuel being directly connected with the cost of transportation, prices of goods that are transported from one part of the country to another, such as food, are bound to rise. This will have a direct impact on the household budget, says Paresh Parekh, Tax Partner, Ernst amp; Young. Fund Manager, Fixed Income, Quantum Asset Management FMCG, or fast moving consumer goods , such as soaps, detergent s, deodorants and shampoos, of which crude oil is an input, are likely to become more expensive. The impact of rupee depreciation on the FMCG sector will be due to higher cost of imported raw materials.The companies were already facing cost pressures. The rupee depreciation has added to their woes. Pulses and oil, which account for a large part of Indias imports, will also be affected. Crude palm oil prices set the pace for prices of other edible oils. It is imported in large quantities and any rise in its price will add to the inflationary pressure, says Arvind Chari, fund manager, fixed income, Quantum Asset Management. FOREIGN EDUCATION For Abin Biswas (21), a B. Tech in biotechnology, an opportunity to work as a trainee intern in a Harvard-MIT joint venture project was a dream come true and a proud moment for his parents.The cost was high but Dr Anup Biswas, Abins father, decided to bear the expenses. The institute is providing him just a daily travel allowance. So, nearly all e xpenses have to be borne by us. Though the amount was huge for us, we agreed to send him as the platform he was getting was big as well, says Rinijhini Biswas, Abins mother. With the rupee weakening, the burden has increased. The rent ($378) of a room he shares with friends was Rs 17,000 (at Rs 45/$) in mid-August 2011 when he went. Now, it is Rs 19,500 (Rs 51. 52/$). A meal ($6) which cost him Rs 270 then now costs Rs 300.This means an additional food expense of Rs 1,800 per month. Abins monthly budget, roughly $1,000, has risen from Rs 45,000 to Rs 53,000, the last instalment we paid. It will be difficult for us to bear his expenses if the trend continues, says Rinijhini Biswas. Students who have taken loans to fund their foreign degree are also bearing the brunt. Education loans are usually in rupees, but as students pay their expenses in a foreign currency, the cost of education and stay has increased. For $100,000, a student had to pay Rs 45 lakh. Now, he has to shell out Rs 52 -54 lakh, depending upon the exchange rate. The cost is in a foreign currency while the borrowing is in rupees. So, the students may fall short of funds as the loan would have been taken according to the initial requirements. In such a scenario, either the students personal contribution will have to increase or he will have to ask the bank to increase the loan amount, says Ashutosh Khajuria, president, treasury, Federal Bank. JOBS AND REMUNERATION Not only is the rupee falling, for some, the pay cheque may shrink as well. Every industry which is dependent on imports will have to face an increase in cost of production and operations. In order to nullify the increase, these companies will have to rationalise costs within their control. One of this will be human resources. So, either lesser number of people will be hired or the salary bill will be kept constant or reduced, says Rituparna Chakraborty, co-founder and senior vice president, TeamLease Services. However, it is a good time f or industries which earn in dollars. The information technology sector stands to gain, but global recessionary conditions may set off the impact, says Chakraborty. VACATIONSThe falling rupee is bad news for itinerant Indians and vacationers to a foreign country. Air fares are going up due to an increase in fuel surcharge. The stay will be costlier by at least 3-5%. Also, shopping can become expensive by 5%. Eating out will also be costlier by the same percentage, says Karan Anand, head, relationships, Cox amp; Kings India. BUYING A CAR The depreciation of rupee has impacted the automobile sector in three ways. First, input costs have risen as these companies use imported components. Second, some companies will have to pay higher royalty to foreign parent firms.Third, many have foreign currency loans in the form of external commercial borrowings and foreign currency convertible bonds. Therefore, more or less all auto companies will have to increase prices. We expect at least a furthe r 2% increase in prices. Maruti has already revised prices twice in last two months. Others like Hyundai, Honda and Ford that have large import content in their cars will have to soon increase prices to protect margins, says Deepak Jain, assistant VP and research analyst, Sharekhan Institutional Research. ENTERTAINMENTThe imported paperback, your favourite pizza and the latest laptop will also become more expensive. There is an increase in the cost of imported books as well as the cost of sourcing them. In most cases we are trying to absorb the increased cost, but there may be scenarios where the end-user will get impacted, says Ankit Nagori, VP, categories, Flipkart. com. Electronic consumer goods such as computers, televisions, mobile phones, etc, with imported components will also become costlier. International food chains which run outlets in India are not denying the impact on profitability. The depreciating rupee has had a significant impact on our capital expenditure as we im port a lot of special kitchen equipment. There has been an indirect impact too as a small part of inputs are imported by our suppliers. If the trend continues, we will be forced to pass on some burden to customers, says Vikram Bakshi, managing director and JV Partner, McDonalds India (North amp; East). Steps Prime Minister Manmohan Singh has expressed confidence that some measures being taken to tackle fiscal management will help return the Indian currency to a more stable path. The decision by the government to allow foreign investors to directly invest in Indian equity could bring some capital flows and have a positive impact on the economy and the rupee, adds Narne. The government is continuously monitoring the emerging external sector developments leading to higher CAD and rupee depreciation. (The government) has taken a slew of initiatives to boost exports and reduce imports, encourage capital flows to facilitate financing of CAD and stem the volatility in the exchange rate of the rupee

Maximizing the Professional Performance and Learning Rate Essay

Maximizing the Professional Performance and Learning Rate - Essay Example In my role as Head of Dance, I picked up on many of the technical and inner workings of management. As part of my position I was required to report to both Managers and Directors meetings and had to learn to work within the people above me. You learn how to report back to them your successes as well as your failures, and I learned to always keep them aware of what was going on inside my department. I also got to attend many seminars, including some held by Trinity College, London, Council for Dance Education and Training, Learning Skills Council, Dance UK, and the Music and Dance Scheme. I then got to report back my findings from these seminars to the â€Å"higher-ups† and learned how to easily and casually report things you have learned in a management setting. One of the jobs I found I simply picked up on as was never taught is the skill of organizing and documenting everything, and doing so in an accurate and clear way. Now, truth be told, simply working with documents and passing papers is a task that I wasn’t too fond of, and I don’t think there are many people who live simply to keep records. However, despite this, I had to adapt, overcome, and do the tedious work of keeping accurate records. I learned through experience that it is important to keep these records precise for future needs, some of which could even be down the road legal problems. I also learned how important it was to keep the confidentiality of all records as it should be, as that is also an important legal proceeding to keep in mind.

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